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How to detect the wear of auto parts?
2020-01-08 10:26:40

The inspection of automobile parts is an important process in the process of automobile overhaul, which will directly affect the quality and cost of automobile repair. Through inspection, automobile parts can be divided into three categories: available, to be repaired and scrapped.

The available parts refer to the parts whose size and shape and position errors meet the overhaul technical standards and can be used continuously; the parts to be repaired and scrapped refer to the parts that do not meet the overhaul technical standards. If the parts can no longer be repaired or the repair cost does not meet the economic requirements, such parts can be scrapped. If the repair can make the parts meet the overhaul technical standards, ensure the service life, and cost effectively, such parts can be used as parts to be repaired.

Parts inspection must strictly grasp the repair technical standards, correctly distinguish the available, to be repaired and scrapped parts, and comprehensively consider under the premise of ensuring the repair quality and better economic benefits. Parts with repair value and conditions for repairing equipment shall be repaired and used as much as possible. If the parts can not meet the repair quality requirements or the repair cost is too high, they should not be repaired and should be scrapped.


Automobile sheet metal parts


Inspection of parts wear

The size and geometry of automobile parts change because of working wear. When the wear exceeds a certain limit and continues to be used, the performance of the machine will deteriorate significantly. In the process of automobile repair, it is necessary to inspect and determine the technical conditions in strict accordance with the technical standards of automobile repair. For different types of parts, the inspection methods and requirements are different due to different wearing parts. The wear of parts can be divided into shaft type, hole type, gear tooth shape and wear of other parts.

(1) Inspection for wear of shaft parts. For shaft parts, it is mainly to check the wear of the working surface of the journal, and measure the roundness and cylindricity. The diameter and size of the journal are generally measured with an outside micrometer, vernier caliper or caliper.

Measuring the roundness of the journal is to measure the big difference between the two perpendicular diameters on the same section perpendicular to the journal axis. The cylindricity of the journal is the large difference of two diameters in either direction of two sections perpendicular to the journal axis.

At one or both ends of the journal, there is a shoulder end that bears the thrust, such as the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft. During the inspection, the length of the journal and the radius of the fillet arc shall be inspected.

(2) Inspection of hole parts. With the different working conditions of the parts, the inspection items of the holes are also different. For example, the engine cylinder is not only worn unevenly on the circumference but also along the length direction, so the roundness and cylindricity should be inspected. For the transmission bearing housing hole and front and rear wheel bearing housing hole, because the hole depth is short, only the wear diameter and roundness need to be measured.

The tools used for measuring holes are vernier caliper, internal micrometer and plug gauge. Besides measuring cylinder, the cylinder gauge can also be used to measure all kinds of medium size holes.

(3) Inspection of tooth shape part. The external and internal teeth of the gear, the spline shaft and the key teeth of the spline hole can be regarded as the tooth shape parts. The main damage of tooth shape is: wear along the direction of tooth thickness and tooth length, peeling of carburized layer on tooth surface, abrasion, pitting on tooth surface, fracture of individual teeth, etc.

For the inspection of the above damage, the damage can be observed directly. Generally, the area of pitting and peeling of tooth surface shall not exceed 25%. The wear of tooth thickness is mainly based on that the assembly clearance shall not exceed the allowable standard of overhaul, generally not more than 0.5mm. It can not be used when there is obvious stepped wear.

To measure the thickness and wear of gear teeth, the deviation of pitch tooth thickness can be measured with gear vernier caliper or sample ruler.

The wear of involute gear can be determined by measuring the common normal length of gear and comparing the common normal length of new gear.

(4) Inspection of other worn parts. For the rolling bearing, first of all, the appearance inspection shall be carried out, and the raceway and roller surface of the inner and outer race shall be observed carefully. The surface shall be smooth and clean, free of ablation and fatigue pitting, crack and hole, annealing color, and the isolating ring shall be free of fracture and damage.

The clearance of rolling bearing shall meet the technical requirements. The axial and radial clearance can be checked by hand. The bearing shall rotate evenly without jamming, and its sound response shall be uniform without impact sound.


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